Hi all! This week we’re discussing the following readings:
- Chabbott, Colette. Ramirez, Francisco O. 2006. “Chapter 7 – Development and Education.” In: Sociology of Education at the Threshold of the Twenty-first Century, edited by Maureen T. Hallinan. 163 – 188
- World Development Report 2018: Learning to Realize Education’s Promise Published: October 2017. Washington, DC: World Bank (Chapter 1: Schooling, learning, and the promise of education: Pages: 37 – 54)
Carefully go over my PowerPoint presentation with voiceover where I explain important ideas and concepts covered in the readings. (To listen to the voiceover you need to go to presentation mode)
Watch the video below that explores “the history of education as a social institution, with a specific focus on how the US organizes its educational system.”
Lecture Posts Questions:
On the comments section below, address the following questions (answers should be at least 100 words in length and posted by Sunday – This is how participation points are assessed (worth 30% of your final grade!) Please save your comments in a safe document before attempting to post it.
- From my PowerPoint presentation, what still isn’t very clear? Any questions, thoughts or comments you would like to share?
- From the Chabbott and Ramirez (2006) reading do you have any questions or comments?
- From the World Development Report 2018 do you have any questions or comments?
- Summarize the main takeaways from the video.
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1. The power point was very in depth and helped me understand the Chabbott and Ramierz reading even more. Showing the charts is very useful because I am able to get a more understanding of what you are talking about and I can also look at them as a reference.
2. The reading was pretty interesting and I agree that there are gray areas that have to do with the evidence that education and development links together. There are different types of development such as social development which to me do not really have anything to do with education. If education and development is going to be linked together it should be called educational development and it should only have to do with how someone is developing in their education, such as what they are learning, how long it takes them to understand the concept and how the type of school they attend can affect them.
3. The information from the World Development Report 2018 had a lot of statistics based off of the United States as whole. The information provided came from stats but they just did not sound real to me. For instance in the article it states that education reduces teen pregnancy and drug use however from what I witness and know a lot of teenagers that get pregnant during high school. There’s a high percent chance that their boyfriends or the person that they got pregnant by goes to their school as well or attends another high school. Drug use is pretty high among kids in school as well, why because they have access to the drugs from their peers. Yes they are getting an education but some are also participating in things that the article states education prevents.
4. The video touches on the educational system in the United States and how it is different from around the world. The US organizes their educational system by public schools which are funded by taxpayer dollars, private schools which are funded by the students’ parents and there’s homeschool. Then there’s post secondary schools which are largely funded by the students. Paying for school is a huge barrier to a lot of Americans. She also talks about structural functionalism, which is how education helps keep a society running. Lastly another main focus of the video is the symbolic interaction approach to education which is basically how different stereotypes that were created by society can turn into self fulfilling prophecy.
1. I thought it was interesting to open the class with three different definitions for education. I never thought about education in that way, but it makes a lot of sense. To me, I resonated most with the definition by Durkheim. On top of education being a form of teaching others about different subject material, it is also a way of socializing people. I remember when I first heard someone say that being taught to raise your hand to speak and getting permission to use the bathroom was a form of socialization, specifically to conform. It makes sense. Now, even when I talk to strangers, I unconsciously raise my hand.
2. The Chabbott and Ramirez reading was interesting to me because it went into detail about the history of education and its timeline in being considered a human right and source for economic development. They compare it to the chicken or egg scenario, asking whether education is a consequence of economic, political and cultural development or if it was the cause. First it began as a way for citizens to remain loyal, but now it’s grown to be accepted as a human right. I also thought it was interesting that there is an ambiguous connection between economic development and education. The idea of education as a way to enrich a nation has been so ingrained in my mind that it’s hard to think that the relationship is “problematic.” At an individual level, I can understand that there is a development. People are able to use the degrees they earn to create a life for themselves. After reading this, I wonder why such a paradox exists. If research has shown that there are gray areas in the relationship between economic development and education, why are there so many policies in favor of education? Also, since there is data to show that years of schooling are not necessarily indicative of how much has been learned, has there been a focus on how to make education better?
3. I enjoyed looking at the graphs. It was very apparent to me that this report was in contrast with the aforementioned reading from Chabbott and Ramirez. Although this report did include problems, such as that education systems need to be properly managed so that social “bads” are not enforced. However, it seemed like the report was in favor of explaining that education is good, even though there are nuances to it (schooling vs. learning). I agree with Meghan that some of the data felt unreal (to me, it was surprising), even though it may be true. I wonder how they conducted the research, especially the data about drug use. I don’t think many people would commit to using drugs to someone, so I don’t know how accurate the data may be. My favorite aspect of the report was the last graph which explained the topic of learning-adjusted and unadjusted years of schooling. Singapore’s was very shocking and I wonder how their education system is like, or what an average school day consists of. I know in my own experience, I can’t recall very much of my middle school or high school days. Even now as I haven’t taken a math course in a year, I unfortunately have forgotten a lot.
4. Schooling has had a long history. In 1918, it was mandatory that all children go to school. It was thought that school promoted democracy and economic development, but it also helped to teach children about the rules, norms and values of society. These are manifest functions. Another manifest function is, overall, teaching kids about the world. On top of that, school allows for cultural transmission. It allows people to make friends and create their own social groups. Although school is intended to be a way for development, there are some drawbacks. In order to continue school or enter into a private school, people need to afford it. That means some people cannot go to college and be credentialed for their career. Also, there is the idea of self-fulfilling prophecies where students are impacted by the ideas that are held by those around them, especially when it is influenced by sex, gender, age, class etc. For instance, if it is believed that a person is bad at math, then they’ll believe it.
In the powerpoint, I thought that the introduction on what education is, and how it is related to development was interesting. It’s unclear on what comes first and what causes the other; whether education affects development or vice versa. But we know that the more education a society has, the more development it has, and the more development it has to also invest in education, so it is like a cycle. Reading the quotes of the different theorists’ ideas on what education is and their perspective on it, whether it was a formal definition, an optimistic view or pessimistic view made me think of the concept of education in different ways. I always viewed education as something only positive in our society, but the powerpoint made me realize that there are a lot of criticisms on education, its structure, and the role it plays in the individual level and societal development.
In the Chabbott and Ramirez (2016) reading, the article discusses the effects of education on political, economic, and cultural development. There may be positive effects, especially on the individual level, but it’s unclear whether these effects are positive on societal development. Although schooling can positively influence wages, the study questions whether wages is actually an accurate way to measure productivity. This article really critiques the relationship between education and development, and what is quality education that promotes development. It critiques how higher education can lead to more stratification because the amount of schooling does not mean more productivity, but people with credentials will receive higher paying jobs than those without credentials. It emphasizes that schooling and learning are different; the outcomes of learning are more valuable than the amount of years in school. Also, I thought it was interesting how the value of education has changed over the decades, especially after world war 2, and how education is seen as an investment in human capital, and as a basic human right.
In the World Development Report (2018), it also discusses the effects of education on development, which are mostly positive. It talks about all the benefits of education on the individual and social development, and has a more positive view instead of a critical one. The benefits are plenty, and include economic freedom, growth and opportunities, longer and healthier life, civic engagement, etc. However, it states that education can’t provide all these benefits alone, because many factors and variables can hinder these positive effects. Also, although there are many positive effects, the article also emphasizes how the skills we gain in school which leads to economic growth is due to learning, and not just schooling. We have to gain something from learning in school, and the amount of years is not an efficient way to measure earnings. There is a graph that shows how test scores and years of schooling affects learning. I always thought test scores were an inaccurate way to show how much learning we are getting in school that promotes development, but in the graph there was a positive correlation which I thought was interesting.
The video discusses how schools in the U.S. have always been publicly funded, but widespread availability was during the mid-19th century. Every state created a law that requires everyone to go to school until the age of 16, to promote literacy, and it was believed that education promoted democracy. Unlike primary and secondary schooling that is funded by taxpayers, college is mostly paid by the student. In the U.S. even though education is very important, not everyone completes higher education because it requires a lot of time and money. Structural functionalism is how schooling preserves the order and stability of our society. The manifest function is the teaching of basic education, socialization, cultural norms and values, etc. The creation of new knowledge through research and technology, and educating the future workforce new skills for a productive society is another manifest function of schools. Formal education leads to credentials, which is a way social status is determined, which jobs we can work, and how much someone is paid. These are all factors of an individual’s socioeconomic status. Latent functions of schooling are unintended and include skills like how to be a good worker, listen to the authority, and work on a schedule. It also provides childcare, and helps with creating social groups by making friends. Educational institutions may also maintain practices that may be consequential, such as stereotyping people which can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. There are also social inequalities within an educational institution, especially with women and racial minorities.
From my PowerPoint presentation, what still isn’t very clear? Any questions, thoughts, or comments you would like to share?
I thought it was interesting to see the breakdown of education and how there is a relationship with Development that is vise versa. Overall the way the education system has evolved might seem like it has been improved for the people, but it has been a false generous evolvement to grow the capitalistic society we live in today. Education was created for the elites and later because it was seen as a human right it was more equal towards women and people of color, but this goes because with education more workers could be created, more revenue and growth, and business occurred. With degrees and higher education, we participate more in the labor and market. On the last slide it just got me thinking that testings can be really biased to privileged choosing, so how can one differentiate between learning and preparation.
From the Chabbott and Ramirez (2006) reading do you have any questions or comments?
Mass schooling and its effects on development were emphasized to me during these readings. What took me by surprise was the fact that higher education did not have any consistent data that helps in the dev elopement of society. Of course, we can always correlate degrees labor work and increase in marketing but like discussed in the PowerPoint we shouldn’t confuse that with causality data. Mass schooling has helped bring education more equity, self-development but it also helps with instituting norms and integrating diversity, in all societal development.
From the World Development Report 2018 do you have any questions or comments?
I thought this reading was very clear and informative. The key concepts that school is beneficial for reasons other than monetary, and how it boosts health, living, and stability conditions were not new to me because it is something we get to experience firsthand in diverse communities. What I liked about the article is that statistically, it made it clear to cultivate the degree of how education can transform a person’s life. For example “each year of schooling increase 8-10% of earnings,” “each additional year of female primary schooling is associated to six fewer maternal deaths,” although it is known facts it is more impactful to the understanding. I found that schooling and higher education results in less use of smoking and drug usage odd and I wonder if these statistics were broad or just marked of the United States because from what I know United States students consume illegal drugs and the consumption of marijuana is very high.
Summarize the main takeaways from the video.
The main takeaway from the video is the average person in the nit states spends thirteen years I schools and some pursue more depending on the degree that they decide upon. The video emphasized that institutions tell us how societies function and the idea that to be emphasized it, was that from our childhood we are set to be schmo for a set amount of hours, and this is what trains us for nine to five jobs. I never had thought about it in that manner but makes sense why now with the pandemic and the quarantining we all are feeling a little restless and overwhelmed. 87% of people go to public school and 10% go to private school. Because such large numbers go to public schools curriculums are very broad unique private school curriculums are more mailed and focus for areas and groups. School not only helps educate us in courses such as math and reading but it helps us in the way we socialize and follow norms and can integrate ourselves with others. Although school is seen as the focus of education it has much more importance in a functioning society.
1. From my PowerPoint presentation, what still isn’t very clear? Any questions, thoughts or comments you would like to share?
The powerpoint sums up the definition of education, its place as a basic human right, its benefits as well as its relationship to development (individual, economical, political, cultural). Though education has a positive relationship to development and productivity, it may sometimes produce social stratifications in which inequalities are produced based on the hierarchy of one’s qualifications. That is, persons who are more educated tend to be considered more socially accepted, wealthier and are able to provide basic needs for their families. Even with higher education, other factors (cultural, political, economical) has to be put into place for a more well rounded and meaningful life
I believe that education is very vital for decreasing poverty, as with better qualifications, you are more employable, eligible for higher wages, which will in turn make one’s life more comfortable and healthier.
2. From the Chabbott and Ramirez (2006) reading do you have any questions or comments?
The reading highlights the positive relationship between education and development and how schooling makes one more knowledgeable about politics and more eligible for increased wages. It also discussed the impact of education in society, whether on the economy, culture or political development, but these relationships remain unclear.
I believe that even though with mass schooling, we are having a more educated population, there will be a time when wages will start tapering off/ remaining stagnant, because everyone is as qualified as the other, jobs will be harder to get and employees will be easier to replace. That is, there will be greater competition in the working world as more people get qualified in each field, no matter their race, gender/class. This should not stop us from continuing mass schooling, as it is not just for monetary reasons but it builds one’s cognitive skills and a population with better thinking skills will be healthier, make more informed decisions and thus promote a more meaningful life with groups of people who can coexist. This will in turn reduce crime and violence, reduce poverty and reduce social stratification. Therefore, more research should be done on how the world will run with a more generalized educated population both at the individual and societal level.
3. From the World Development Report 2018 do you have any questions or comments?
The World Development Report 2018 explains schooling, learning and the promise of education. I am in full agreement that education will provide people with the opportunity to have a better life. The more educated each person is, the more likely there will be improvement at the individual as well as societal level. The reading touches on these key points on how education promotes freedom (economic growth, health and technological indicators etc.) which will in turn decrease global problems like poverty.
Schooling improves our human capital by teaching good morals, conducts and values, provides training in different skilled fields etc. which promotes better social cohesion and thus less crime and violence. Education also promotes female empowerment, thereby reducing teenage pregnancies; providing higher wages to better cater for your families and give people a voice and a chance to help boost the country’s economy.
On the other hand, some points were a bit controversial for me; like the point made that education allows people not to smoke or drink. A vast majority of educated people worldwide are chronic smokers and drinkers, even with the knowledge of all the disadvantages. It is also important to know that while education is important it is what is learnt that makes the difference as mass schooling can take place and the students are not benefitting cognitively but are present daily.
4. Summarize the main takeaways from the video.
The video highlights some information on the education system, ranging from the history of the developing system, the different types of schools and the functions of schools. The education system was implemented to impart important knowledge such as norms and values, and was created as a way to aid democracy. It also discussed the different age ranges for the different levels of school (elementary, middle, high school etc.). Regarding the types, it discussed Votech schools that teach specific skills like automotive repairs, public and private schools that are funded and not funded by the government respectively and colleges which can also be public and private. The video explains that formal education is a way to keep society running smoothly and have varying functions including manifest functions which involve teaching basic facts, mathematics and even socialization skills necessary for cultural transitions. There is also a latent function of education that teaches how to work in a set schedule or social groups. Race, gender or class also plays an important role on what different students pursue in school.
1. The PowerPoint was very clear and helped me make sense of all of the readings. I watched the presentation after doing the readings, and what I took away from it was that my questions surrounding the cycle of education and development were normal. As I was reading the two chapters, I kept wondering if I was missing something because every piece of information they give seemed to contradict something else. After listening to the PowerPoint, I realized that that is what’s happening with research regarding the relationship between education and development because the two are both conditions for the other. It’s difficult to find a solid answer/understanding because without education, development would be hindered, and without development, education wouldn’t expand.
2. I thought the Chabbott and Ramirez reading was very interesting, especially because they approached the relationship between education and development as a two-way relationship, exploring how education affects development and how development affects education. I also found the differences in results regarding individual effects versus societal/national/international effects interesting. If individuals seem to be experiencing positive effects of education, why isn’t society as a whole. I wish Chabbott and Ramirez went further into explaining these differences or proposing reasons for why they exist.
Another thing I noticed while reading was that for almost every study they cited, they always had a study that found contradictory information. I was wondering why this is so/why there hasn’t been follow-up research. When studies come up with opposite results, what do we do with that information? Do we address both in a third study? Do we tend to take the most recent study as the more accurate study? It felt like so much research was done on this topic and yet there aren’t any real concrete findings.
3. I felt that the World Development Report (WDR) ignored some of the factors that contribute to the access and benefits of education. I also noticed some discrepancies between this report and Chabbott and Ramirez’s chapter. The WDR reported that having an education has been linked to being less likely to develop a chronic illness. Personally, I don’t see how one could really affect the other. It seems to be more of a common-cause relationship in which economic status affects both education levels and health status, but education and health status are not directly related. By this, I mean, one’s economic status affects their ability to go to school, especially if schools aren’t free or their family needs them to work. Economic status also affects one’s ability to seek medical attention. For those living in poverty, they may also live in unsafe conditions that foster health issues as well. The WDR explained their claim by referring to decreased rates in smoking, drug and alcohol use, and obesity in those that are more educated and briefly admit that children from poor, rural areas tend to get less schooling and learn less (p. 40, 44-45). I feel that one’s economic standing is vital to this argument and wish it was explored further.
The contradiction I noticed between the two readings is in regard to the effect a higher education has on worker productivity and salary. The WDR optimistically argues that with an increased education, one is better equipped with the tools they need to be more productive and that increased productivity will result in earning higher wages (p. 39). Chabbott and Ramirez were not as optimistic, arguing that having the credentials of an education is enough to increase one’s salary (p. 165-166) I experienced this when I was in high school and worked at a summer camp. I had the exact same job title as a person with an Associates degree, and because they had a degree, they earned more than me for the same work.
I also wanted to comment on the social benefits of an education. I agree with the report in that going to school and getting an education opens one’s perspective and teaches empathy. I also agree that it teaches children how to work in teams, helping them learn how to listen and respect others, all of which are important tools that one will need in various places in their lives.
4. The video touched on the manifest and latent functions, or intended and unintended, consequences of education/school. The intentions behind having a school system was to ensure that all children have a basic understanding of the world. This includes being able to read, write and do basic math. Schools were also created as a means of social integration, which the video defined as taking people from all different backgrounds and exposing them to social norms and cultural values. Teaching this on a mass scale would result in a shared understanding of them. They would all learn the same traditions and cues that are accepted in their society.
The latent functions of schools mentioned in the videos mostly benefit people other than the students. For example, the structure of the school system gets children used to working on a schedule, so that way when they’re older, they’ll be able to work a 9-to-5 job with ease, much to the pleasure of their bosses. Parents also benefit from schools because it is essentially a daycare system, with someone watching over their child while they’re at work. The only unintentional function that directly benefits the students is the social exposure to children their own age, helping them meet others and make friends.
In this week’s PowerPoint, we go over the relationship between education and development. I definitely see a direct relationship between education and development because they depend on each other to function in society. I also found it interesting that education is a method of reproducing social stratification; it is also a way to mask inequality in education. This brings me to my question, of how sociologists measure the quality of education. There are so many variables to a student’s education. In America, everyone has access to public education, but some are struggling to stay in school because of their personal lives outside of education. Lastly, I wanted to comment on the fact that “education cannot do it alone,” this is true because education depends on everything else in society. Without a strong economy, schools are not funded, which leads to more absences and an overall bad institution. It makes education very vulnerable, and it should not be. Education and education reforms should be the sole focus of society.
In the Chabbott and Rameriez reading (2006) reading, I wanted to focus on a certain point in Chapter 7. The point where they talk about the influence of education on inequality. They say that “little work has examined whether there is less income inequality in countries with more expanded education.” (170) So, studies are lacking in finding social inequality and education. However, they do find out that with women able to attend higher education they positively shape social development with higher-paying jobs. I like how they criticize that there are not enough studies done on this to confirm anything. It is good that we are aware of some of these inequalities but there are much more that can impact education and society.
From the World Development Report 2018, they make great points on the positive effects of education on an individual and society. They talk about human capital and how it influences a better economy. In the text, they say that “A more engaged citizenry can also provide political support for the reforms needed to realize the promise of education.” (41) I can also agree with this because, in the past, the Progressive Era was a time when reforms were needed in urban areas to improve the quality of life. Reformers had some education before they called out the issues in certain institutions. One example is the book, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair. Prior to his book, Sinclair went through higher education in CCNY (City College of New York) He exposed the meat factories to the dangers and unsanitary workplace. His books influenced many reforms such as cleaner and safer work environment. Thus, we see clear examples of how higher education can influence reforms.
In the Crash Course video, we see the many fundamentals of education in society. I like how they mention how education is also a place for socialization. Schools are meant to be there for this exact reason and kids are also exposed to social integration. It helps the development of being “normal” in society. They mention how education is also a social institution in which society provides its members with all kinds of important knowledge. They also talk about the many benefits of education in society such as a better economy. To close off, one thing that interests me is the idea of manifest functions which is the intended consequences of education. I am wondering if this can produce propaganda and shaping a student’s mind to think a certain way.
1. The PowerPoint presentation was evident regarding the concepts and the ideas mentioned in both readings. The idea that most stuck with me was that education and development go hand in hand. Also, the evolution of how education was perceived as human capital and human rights is more accurate for development. Education has more individual achievement in economic, political, and cultural rather than collectively making more sense.
2. The reading discussed a lot of the ideas mentioned in the PowerPoint, and from my understanding, there was no clear answer as to whether development is the cause for education or vice versa. Instead, both are needed, and it is a cycle where education is a consequence of development and vice versa. Although people attend school, it was also mentioned that it does not mean they will succeed or cause any developments; rather, it was essential to see test grades or comprehend what was taught in school.
3. The report on education outcomes was apparent and very well detailed. According to the report, it is what kind of outcome education has on society in general. There is a more positive outcome because of education than anything. According to the graph on page 40, the lesser education, the fewer people seem to live. Alongside this, we see the more educated people are. There is a higher chance of them participating in elections or political activities or being aware of political news in an individual’s country. Education is essential not just because of the outcome it has on jobs but also because of cognitive skills.
4. The video’s main focus was to understand the education system, and in doing so, the USA education system was explained, including the history of how education came to be. We learn how the public school came to be institutionalized after it was separated from Thomas Jefferson’s church. The school’s sole purpose is not only for education because the video host mentioned we could study things from Google or other resources. Although the school’s main idea was to learn literacy, attending school can expose students to different cultures and make them well-rounded students and citizens. They are also to learn social norms and political knowledge.
1. Everything in the powerpoint presentation was straightforward and made sense. I found the chart of the Earnings of Tertiary workers compared to Upper Secondary workers to be intriguing. I agree with the comment that in societies where bachelors degrees are abundant, the difference in earnings between someone with a high school diploma and someone with a bachelors is going to be less because at that point a bachelors is common and people with bachelors may have to settle for less, low paying jobs. Paulo Freire’s definition of education captured my attention and reminded me of the Mandela quote we were asked to reflect on during the first week. I do see why Mandela would call education a weapon under the impression that it is created by elites. The inaccessiblity of education especially of the poor would keep them powerless. However, if they are educated, they can understand the elite better and understand how society works to then break it apart and rebuild.
2.The Chabbott and Ramirez reading was a bit more critical than the World Development Report as pointed out in the Powerpoint. I like how Chabbott and Ramirez debunk generalizations about education and development. For example, many people believe that education encourages people to be more politically active and informed however this doesn’t translate into being progressive. A perfect example of this are American politicians, most politicians go to prestigious school but sometimes their words and actions don’t reflect their level of education. I think this has to do with what students are being taught, who is teaching them and where they are. For example, in the future when Black Lives Matter is taught to younger generations, the narrative might be manipulated to allow the educator to paint BLM however they want. A general question I have relating to this weeks subject is why aren’t some high school and college degrees valid in the United States? There seems to be a generalization that the more developed a country is considered to be the more a degree from that country is worth and valid around the world.
3.The World development report from 2018 was super informative. But I would’ve liked for them to be a bit more critical and maybe mention some challenges that come with education such as cost and how that leaves families in poverty. Nonetheless, I like how they showed the difference between Annual GDP per Capita growth when measuring test scores and measuring years of schooling. Higher test scores correlated to a larger growth in GDP per capita where as when it came to years of schooling there was no direct relationship.
4.The crash course video touches upon the history of education and it’s structure in the United States. School began as a leisure activity for wealthy men in Greece. Since then education has become state mandated since 1918. Americans are required to attend school up to the age of 16. In the United States, schooling is broken down into primary, secondary and tertiary. Most schools are Public schools which are funded by tax dollars. There are also private institutions which give schools the power to tailor curriculum. As mentioned in the video a manifest function of schooling is to promote socialization and social integration, teach people basic knowledge, and create systems of credentiling. Latent functions include providing child care, getting the youth used to 9-5 schedules and listening to authority figures and also to make friends for potential professional and romantic relationships. The latent functions were very interesting to me because I see how they can vary from country to country. For example, my family is from the Dominican Republic and usually my cousins school days are designed so that they are home by lunch time (Noon-1pm). Lunch is the most important meal in Dominican culture and is meant to be shared with family because Dominican culture values family a lot. Work day schedules also tend to be shorter than American work days and holidays are taken seriously. It would be interesting to study how the length of school days, work days translates into GDP and HDI.
The powerpoint put the effect education has on societal development into perspective for me. Noticing how the amount of education students get is not the problem but the quality of the education is what matters. The elaboration and breakdown of how little education does when it comes to social mobility is a big eye-opener for me. Since a lot of people feel focusing on education could lead to a better situation for children who live at or under the poverty line. Human capital is also a new concept to me that I found very interesting.
I appreciate the distinction made not only in the reading but in the PowerPoint as well between schooling and learning. Scholing being the socialization that school creates and learning being things like literacy, taking in information, and acquiring actual skills. The link between schooling and economic growth does confuse me in this text though because if the quality of the school is the true distinction between social classes how do schooling and economic growth have an upward correlation and not learning and economic growth.
The main points made in the video were the original function of public school within America which was to increase literacy in the states. She speaks on the differences between public, private, and votech schools. She also speaks about how cultural exchange is an effect of going to (public) school for most of your life.
1) The presentation was clear and helped answered some of the questions I had, like what did they mean by human capital. It was very interesting to learn of education as mechanism of reproduction of social stratification because that is certainly something that we observe in education today, but I would agree more Freire’s idea on education being something that can of course reproduce inequality, but that if used well can very beneficial.
2) Reading Chabbot’s article made me wonder why is there so much focus on determining the economic return of education for a rich society (not individual benefits), like the United States. Of course, I understand that this kind of research can lead to policies to increase and improve education, but at the same time there seems to be the implication that if there is not an economic return that to all of society that maybe is not worth it to invest in education. For example, a lot of studies found tertiary education to not be as beneficial to the economic growth of a society, so should that mean that we don’t invest in it? I think that when thinking of rich countries, we should place a lot more importance on individual benefits (a rich country can afford to stop thinking about what will make more money and think about improving the welfare of its citizens). We should also simply think of education as a human right.
3) I found graph 1.5 in the World Development Report very interesting because it uses test scores to show that learning is what matters for economic growth, not years of schooling. However, I think a lot of people would argue, myself included, against the idea that tests are reflect how much students learn. In particularly, I’m thinking of standardized tests like the SAT, ACT and Regents in NY. In the last few years, it seems to me that there has been grater support behind the argument that SATs are not reflective of how much students know and is not the best predictor of academic success in college. From what I understand, one of the biggest determinants in how a student performs in the SATs is socioeconomic status. This also makes me think that it’ll be interesting to see what research comes out of the pandemic years considering that most institutions have waived SATs and ACTs requirements (which lead to a huge boom in applications for Ivy League schools and other famous private schools according to an article in the NYT).
4) The video starts of by explaining how modern day educational institutions are structured in the US, how they came to be and how they are funded. She explains the importance of school in helping to train the workforce, create cultural transmission and transmission of social values and norms that are not necessarily learned at home. Through this cultural transmission, a sense of patriotism and civic duty is also instilled. She explains how school also allow children to socialize and find peers of their age, which may also lead to finding romantic couples. She talks about higher education, colleges and universities, and how one of the biggest challenges o going to these institutions is being able to afford them which is why not everyone is able to go. I liked how she made sure to touch on private vs public institutions, explaining that private institutions are able to tailor their curriculum for students and provide things that public schools cannot, because that is one of the ways in which educational institutions reproduce inequalities.
1.) From my PowerPoint presentation, what still isn’t very clear? Any questions, thoughts or comments you would like to share?
I think that the PowerPoint presentation was pretty clear. One thing I really liked about the presentation is the various definitions and point of views when it comes to “what education is”. For example, Pierre Bourdieu (negative) viewed the role of education in a different manner than Paulo Freire (a more positive view). Furthermore, there was discussion on how the benefits of education does not only just provide monetary benefits such as higher earnings. There are also various nonmonetary benefits as discussed in both the presentation and the World Development Report 2018. To hear and learn about the nonmonetary benefits that education provides especially that of health was a nice break as sometimes it feels like all I hear and read about is how education improves one’s labor opportunities and source of income.
2.) From the Chabbott and Ramirez (2006) reading do you have any questions or comments?
The Chabbott and Ramirez definitely made me realize how complex the study on the relationship between development and education can be. Specifically, as Chabbott and Ramirez point out, when it comes to the evidence regarding this relationship, there are many “gray areas” (pg. 164). I agree with this point as we witness this throughout the reading. Regarding the aspects of economic development, there is discussion on how schooling credentials can play a role in weakening the tie between productivity and wages. The statement is backed up through the discussion on how formal schooling and formal degrees essentially allow an individual to search for jobs that may be better when it comes to wages without having to increase their individual productivity. So, if I understand correctly, this is because they are using the credentials and certifications gained through their level of education and an individual who does not share the same level of education, falls behind though they may still have some sort of credentials.
3.) From the World Development Report 2018 do you have any questions or comments?
Overall, I believe that the World Development Report (2018) reading was informative as it covers a range of topics through both a positive and negative point of view. For example, there’s discussion on how poorly managed educational systems do harm by playing a role in promoting social “bads” rather than those considered as “goods” (pg. 44). In terms of the point of view that is more on the positive side, this is displayed through the discussion of the benefits that education has on individuals. This is one of the things I liked about the article, that there is a focus on the individuals through the discussion of “agency”. Not only do we get an explanation on how education can be linked to agency, but we are also provided with statistical evidence that backs up this discussion. For example, it was reported that only 1 in 10 university graduates reported that they felt that they had low control over their agency (pg. 40).
4.) Summarize the main takeaways from the video.
The video addresses the history of education within the U.S and the way in which education is understood to be a social institution through a sociological perspective. When covering the history of education, the video discusses how by 1918, mandatory education laws were passed by all states. This was a major turning point as it promoted what is known as “literacy” and emphasized the importance of education. Furthermore, the video breaks down the difference between primary and secondary schooling and the ways in which they are organized. For example, primary schooling includes elementary school and secondary schooling includes middle school and high school. Another main takeaway from the video is the way in which educational institutions plays a positive role in factors such as social integration but also the setbacks that may be caused. This includes the way in which certain stereotypes can be emphasized within these educational systems.
1. The powerpoint presentation for this week was clear and was helpful in better understanding the readings. Also what stood out to me was how you mentioned that education is an investment in oneself and that going to college and postponing entry into the labor market builds not only knowledge but skill which is in the end is rewarding and just in general how that itself makes people of more value to themselves.
2. This reading was clear and I don’t have any questions about it. It was interesting of the connection that was made between civic education and socialization, that a more education doesn’t necessarily make a person more politically tolerant or understanding of society when it comes to the topic of education or human rights and it also depends on the country as well.
3. This reading was interesting and it made me think about the power that education itself and even the power in having access to education has on people. Education itself holds various freedoms and has both monetary and nonmonetary benefits for both individuals and their family and communities. For example on the personal level education can provide them with better health, higher incomes and making better decisions. In terms of the community level education can reduce poverty, guide people to becoming more involved in civic matters and also the ability to move social classes.
4. The video brought up many interesting points. One of the main takeaways was that education isn’t just school but what we learn on a daily and throughout our lives through socialization, and cultural norms and beliefs. Another takeaway was that depending on the schooling children get such as private or public promotes certain values and ways, the video called this manifest function. For example it mentioned how pledging to the flag in public school teaches students patriotic values as well as the history courses teaches them political processes.
1. The powerpoint was very clear and full of information that otherwise studied or researched one would not stop to think about. When it comes to education, we know that it improves lives and it has the potential of making changes far beyond finances. As stated in the powerpoint the relationship between education and development is that education is like the materials needed to build a house and the more you learn the more you progress towards building that house. Education is the foundation of development because it leads to new technologies and the possession of human capital. A question I have is, if we agree that education is a basic human right, why is it so difficult for people to gain access to a fair education? I know that this question has many many answers however, I feel like there is more to it than we think.
2. The first reading was very interesting and eye opening, as I mentioned before there is a lot that we know about education and its power however, I was not aware of how much impact it has on society and social mobility. As the reading covered besides from being a human right, unlocking “human capabilities… raises human capital, productivity, income, employment and economic growth. Education also has the power to do things such as reduce teen pregnancies because of the simple fact that it increases aspirations and the hunger for empowerment and autonomy. If there is one thing that I took away from this reading is that education is the root to mostly if not everything we do as a society, from the skills we gain down to how we react and do things. This is directly related to development because the more we learn as a society the more we could prosper and change for the better, no matter if that is through policies, new technologies or the way we raise our families.
3. The second reading made me think about the relationship between education (schooling) and development in the basis of work (employment) and social mobility. “…the premise that more productive workers would be compensated with greater wages seemed plausible. These assumptions are consistent with the premises underlying the functionalist theory of social stratification. There are indeed many empirical studies showing the expected positive associations between schooling and wages in many different countries…” This section of the readings reminded me of the fact that we live in a society where we must obtain an education in order to be somebody. However, it also made me think about the fact that in many cases getting this education is nothing but a dream due to the price that it costs to get. Education in the United States is almost a luxury, there are those like me who have the blessing of a free education but many others do not. Then, this brings me to the fact that as much development and human capital one can access through education, in the United States this knowledge and skills are often replaced by the fact that one’s financial status is mostly based by your capacity to work in the labor market for unjust wages and expensive basic living. With this being said my question is, Is education enough for development or is there more than just school and learning to obtain a degree that could still not give me the life and economic position that I have been investing and working for?
4. The video served as a reminder of the school system implemented in the United States and it highlighted the benefits and flaws of such a system. The video also continues to explain how school shapes the lives of a person, how it impacts their future, and how it betters a society. The one fact I focused on was the funding that schools receive whether they are public (funded by taxpayers) or private (tuition and private donations). I chose this because this is still a very controversial topic in the US as we know that some schools receive more privilege due to parents income and the quality of education. I feel like as it has been stressed all throughout this lecture, school and education are basic human rights and in my opinion school should be free to everyone willing to further their knowledge and social status. Having a well educated population opens the doors to new developments and it gives room for a more financially stable country since there will be more people having high earning jobs which will allow them to be active economic actors in society. But, we live in a country full of corruption, racism, bias, and hunger for power which makes it almost impossible to even imagine.
1. This week’s PowerPoint presentation is very clear, telling about the relationship between education and development. Education has a positive relationship with personal economic, political and cultural development. Economic development can improve health and increase income. Education is a basic human right, and education can release human abilities. As the development of freedom, it is mainly to eliminate poverty and tyranny (poor economy and systematic social deprivation).
2. From the Chabbott and Ramirez (2006), the reading emphasizes the relationship between education and economic development, political development and cultural development. In the decade after World War II, education for all has become an increasingly important part of the development blueprint. Through education to develop professionals, education promotes national progress. Education is an investment in human resources. Education improves labor productivity and scientific progress, and contributes to economic growth and development. Of course, education is a basic human right. Human beings can change their living conditions through learning and education. The article stated that more and more people are being educated and obtaining higher education, and the rate of return (salary) of higher education is higher than that of lower education. These phenomena have led to a large gap between the rich and the poor in society. The children of wealthy people have sufficient conditions to continue to receive higher education, while people with lower education may not be able to allow their children to continue to complete college education because of poverty.
3. From the World Development Report 2018, it is stated that going to school and learning are not the same thing. Some schools use test results to evaluate students’ performance. Although they have achieved learning results, they do not have the most basic life skills. These may affect their practice in society. Of course, education will improve employment, raise income levels, improve health and help individuals escape poverty. But these effects basically depend on the learning outcomes (advanced education). The most neglected children in society are those who live in poverty-stricken areas. They often have strong living abilities and need a good education to change their lives. Education should allow children to learn or practice the skills needed for life. These skills can enable individuals in a disadvantaged position in society (whether their disadvantaged position is caused by poverty or poor academic performance) to obtain better jobs and social gaps in another way.
4.4. In the video, discussed some knowledge about American education and schools. Establishing a school can help children build their own social groups and even lay the foundation for their future entry into society. For example, children learn to read and write in school. Children can meet some friends who are about their own age in school, which is also a way to exercise social skills. The school provides some Day care to help parents who are busy with work to take care of their children. In the class, children with different family backgrounds can help them learn more about culture. Primary schools are autonomous by taxpayers, but universities have to be paid by students themselves. Due to high tuition fees, many students have not completed university.
The PowerPoint Presentation was very detailed and organized. It gave me a better understanding of what Education means and how it impacts our society and poverty levels. The voiceover was very helpful and aided in getting a better understanding of what was written on the PowerPoint slides. I always find that I appreciate the PowerPoint presentations because it clarifies any questions I have, and it feels like I get a better understanding of what I just finished reading and what I am learning about. Based off of the slides I learned the importance of education and how it helps better the economy by creating economic benefits and decreasing poverty issues.
The 2006 Chabot and Ramirez reading was very insightful it brought to my attention that schooling and learning are two distinct things. I would’ve never thought about it that way, but the reading emphasized the problem between the two. It explained that schooling and getting an education is only benefiting those who have the credits and degrees to get a job and leaves those who don’t have that kind of schooling to be out of a job which can create financial instability for those. Basically, schooling and higher education is valued more in society than learning, which leaves a lot of people who don’t have the required credentials to have the same opportunity as those who were able to finish school when it comes to getting a job. Overall, I found this reading to contain a lot of interesting facts and studies about how education impacts economic development.
The 2018 World Development Report talked about the effects of education on the economic development but that while its mostly positive it doesn’t and cannot solve all the issues. I found this reading to be very informative because it provided a lot of statistics on how schooling affects learning and all of the obstacles that can present themselves to students who are trying to get an education. I liked how this article mentioned that learning also impacts the education because what we learn outside of school can help create economic growth so it’s not just the amount of schooling that we have. I think a lot of people fail to see that while getting an education is important, it’s also not the be-all and end-all of things.
The main take away of the ‘Education in Society” video was that societal norms have a huge impact in the education system. It talked about how schools are funded in the U.S. and how the system was developed. While education is important for society to function properly it also creates these sort of norms for people and expectations of how much education someone should attain so they can get a job and be considered competent to have that job.
The powerpoint was very well explained and precise with the information and knowledge. With that being, it made the reading a bit easier to grasp and understand
I think the reading was very interesting. As a psychology major, I believe that education and development go hand-in-hand. Especially because the more we enhance or further our knowledge the more we technically are forced to develop. I do not feel an individual can be educated without developing. The idea of higher education leading to stratification was a critique in the reading.
I felt the World Development Report 2018 shared a lot of statistical information. One of the main factors it discusses is the effect of education on individual and social development. I did not agree with the usage of test scores to be used to prove the effects of learning. However, I did agree with the majority that was said in regards to the connection between education and development. Some negative aspects of mention in the report are that other outside factors can hinder the positive effects on development.
One of the main takeaways from the video is how structural functionalism is the idea of education being a foundation to keep society going. Another main takeaway is the difference in the United States education system versus other education systems around the world. The video touches on how the financial cost of schooling is a significant issue in America that affects many students. This is an issue because education is very important in the United States but because of financial restrictions, most do not go to secondary school, let alone graduate from high school.
The powerpoint presentation as always was really informative and helpful. As many of us say, the graphs and charts are amazing since, at least for me, makes my understanding of the topic even better. I really liked how the slide explains how “schooling” it’s no the same as “learning” because you could have many hours of schooling and yet not learn anything from it. I feel that people need to realize this because it could help the process of learning better for some students. I also liked how the slides explain the importance of education in different aspects such as in politics, in your own personal growth, etc.
The reading from Chabbott and Ramirez (2016) was also really informative. Since the beginning you can see that they emphasize the importance of education. As said in the reading, education has become a widely blueprint for development, meaning there’s correlation between education and development which made people realize the value of education. I really liked how they mentioned in the reading that the more “educated” does not mean the more “productive”. This reading opened my mind, I already knew the power of education, but after reading this it made me realize that education has even a greater power than what I thought. It does not have power on me, but in the people around me even in my country. In conclusion, this article explores the power of education in different areas/aspects. I understand that education is powerful, but is it necessary for economic growth?
The second reading from the World Development Report (2018) also explains the importance of education. I thought about how the reading said that education is considered a human right, but there are some kids/people who do not have access to this right. For example, colleges are not free, and there are people who can’t afford them, therefore do they have the right of education? Yes, they might have finished High School, but what about higher education? Is there a difference between education and Higher education in terms of having that right? Because even Community Colleges charge for tuition, and again some people may not be able to afford it. So, if it is a human right, shouldn’t education be free for everyone, that way making it accessible for everyone. Not only college, but Med School too.
The video pretty much talks about the education system in the US and the flaws that it has. I also provided information on how education can shape your life, such as your decisions, your ideas, etc. I really liked how in the video they stated percentages of how many people have graduated with a 4 year degree, and how the percentage of people who pursue a master/doctorate or higher degree. This video also goes back to my previous point that “Post Secondary Schooling” isn’t free, it’s funded by the students themselves meaning that not everyone it’s getting that right. Overall, the video also explains how education works in the US, it explains the different types of education and how education shapes you and society.
1. From my PowerPoint presentation, what still isn’t very clear? Any questions, thoughts, or comments you would like to share?
The Powerpoint presentation helped further my understanding regarding the Chabbott and Ramirez (2006) reading. The inclusion of different perspectives helped define the concept of education and development. For instance, the three different perspectives on education from Durkheim, Bourdieu, and Freire had made me contemplate the different ways education can impact an individual in society, specifically Bourdieu’s perspective. I agree that the school system likes to promote equality while continuing to reproduce existing inequalities. American society seems to be proud of mandating public education for all since it is “providing equal opportunity for all” but what about low-income households? They aren’t provided the proper high-quality education as those in high-income communities, or they may not have the financial means to give their child the opportunity to succeed among their classmates. The social hierarchy continues to hold immense influence in society.
2. From the Chabbott and Ramirez (2006) reading do you have any questions or comments?
The Chabbott and Ramirez (2006) reading had provided new insight regarding the concept of education and its relationship with economic, political, and cultural development. However, the reading also discusses how development also has an influence over education such as mass schooling and higher education. I was aware that education was needed for development, but I didn’t put much thought that it works vice versa as well. Furthermore, another concept that was brought to my attention is the power of education on economic development. It is unjust that if one doesn’t have a degree in the U.S., they can’t earn a high-paying job. Yes, a degree does demonstrate one’s credentials, and the time and efforts placed to obtain the degree but not everyone has the financial means to go to a university to obtain that degree. This demonstrates how U.S. society places emphasis on higher education, and it is one of the few ways to obtain upward mobility.
3. From the World Development Report 2018 do you have any questions or comments?
The World Development Report (2018) reading was informative and provided the benefits education can bring for an individual and society as a whole. Furthermore, the reading provided the difference between schooling and learning, which I wasn’t previously aware of. Schooling is the time spent in the classroom setting and learning is the outcome, what the individual has learned from schooling, I’m assuming it’s the class materials and social skills obtained through the relationship the individual has had with classmates and teachers. The graph provided (figure 1.4) demonstrates how it’s common for students to learn little. Schools place their attention on high grades and how long students stay in school rather than paying attention to whether students are learning not only the materials school provides but basic life skills as well.
4. Summarize the main takeaways from the video.
The video “Education in Society” had provided insight regarding the educational system in the U.S.by providing a bit of history. Beginning in 1918, public education was mandatory but at the time its primary goal was to promote literacy. However, education is considered a social institution because it not only promoted democracy and economic development, but it taught children society’s norms and values. Cultural transmission is also taught in schools by allowing students to make friends and create social groups. The latent function of society also teaches students how to work in a schedule, which can later impact how they work in future employment. Primary and secondary education (K-12) is funded by tax-payers, which provided every child to have the opportunity to free education. However, that isn’t the case for higher education. Not everyone is granted the opportunity to seek a degree because it involves more money, which some can’t afford.
1)The powerpoint was very clear. The powerpoint helped with the more to understand the readings. The powerpoint enhances the reading in a way that is clearly more understood. The powerpoint explain perfectly the definition of education, its place as a basic human right, its benefits as well as its relationship to development. The charts and pictures are very useful because it’s easier to follow along with the audio of the powerpoint and it’s also helps more than just having the powerpoint without the audio.
2)In the Chabbott and Ramirez reading, the article discusses the effects of education on political, economic, and cultural development. The Chabbott and Ramirez reading was interesting because of the details about the history of education and its timeline in being considered a human right and source for economic development. The reading critiques how higher education can lead to more stratification because the amount of schooling does not mean that someone can be more productive. People with credentials will receive higher paying jobs than those without credentials.
3)The World Development Report 2018 explains schooling, learning and the promise of education. The report made great points on the positive effects of education on an individual and society. The report talked about the benefits of educations which include economic freedom, growth and opportunities, longer and healthier life, civic engagement, etc.
4)The video I feel like that it highlights really important information on the education system, ranging from the history of the developing system, the different types of schools and the functions of schools. The video tells the main points of original function of public school within America which was to increase literacy in the states and how over the years it has changed from where it started and where it is now. School now severed as a purpose as foundation to the future of working a 9-5 job, follow superiors, social and networking skills, and childcare system.
1. From my PowerPoint presentation, what still isn’t very clear? Any questions, thoughts or comments you would like to share?
2. From the Chabbott and Ramirez (2006) reading do you have any questions or comments?
3. From the World Development Report 2018 do you have any questions or comments?
4. Summarize the main takeaways from the video.
1. The PowerPoint presentation was explaining how education influences the younger generation by adults to “help” them with the development of the “real world”. I personally think education is beneficial in studying the basic functions of the world, while college helps students try to choose a career to focus on. But what I’ve been slowly realizing, school specially a college degree doesn’t always secure you a job, even after you graduate with a degree, you still need to be able to pay off your debt, which delays them from either attending graduate school or not even being able to find a job with the degree you received. Because of this unsureness, nothing can be definitive in where corporations will hire alumni. Many people believe that education is a gateway to freedom, freedom from poverty, depression, and possibly politics. But overall, education is taught to be a basic human right teaching children that they are lucky for getting a education, but college in many cases discourages the youth because of the financial strain on the parents and students, plus on how competitive college is by taking entry exams, such as the SATs and AP exams. I never understood when teachers said that SATs and AP exams prepare you for college. They have nothing to do with whether or not you are “prepared” for college. How can a test determine I am ready for college? Isn’t my drive to be educated and succeed enough for me to attend college?
2. From the Chabbott and Ramirez (2006) reading they state that there is a relationship between education and development which is problematic because in the previous response I stated that school is very expensive and can make the individual more politically active. And what I mean by that, is politics don’t always make you smarter or even tolerant to other parties. These effects of the variety of school and education comes to societal level, on national economic, political, and/or cultural development end up having a double meaning. Chabbott and Ramirez state in the reading that although the effects of development on education are no less problematic, the increase demand of literate workers has been modernized in today’s society. In developed and developing countries, mass education was asserted as a gateway for advancing in any functional need in our society. many studies have shown that there needs to be a stronger connection between development and education.
3. For the World Development Report 2018 I agree on a lot of things that this article discuss for example, that education promotes longer and healthier lives. People who care more educated are more aware of crisis such as lower portability of death after death, smoking, excessive drinking, being overweight, illegal use of drugs, and being more responsive to HIV/AIDS campaign. They say that educated individuals that have a higher education have more control of their lives. There is a positive relationship between education and agency, which is mediated partly by the positive effect of education on an individual’s income which helps them become independent. It is said that because of schooling there is a reduced crime rate committed by adults as well as crime during late adolescences. Im not entirely sure that it is the case because even if individuals are in school they could be placed in a situation where a crime must be committed for the better. Of course thats in extreme cases but people say they would do anything to help themselves or family members. The long term benefits of education is that it eliminates poverty in families, allowing the incomes of parents and their children are highly correlated. But as always income inequality always persists, and poverty is transmitted through generations where the children have to pick up the parents slack, passing the stress on the youth which makes them work as a child to adulthood not being able to go to school because they have to take care of their family debt because their parents can’t. The growth of education effects society, economic growth and is the building block for inclusive institutions. Education builds human capital, which is also another way of saying economic growth, but there is a capital level and national level of growth. For capital, it Is the improvements in poverty, inequality and promoting social mobility, through the civic agency, through the high levels of political engagement, trust and tolerance it creates the building blocks for a inclusive industry.
4. The key points of the video is that overall, school was first given to the wealthy, but as time changed and progressed school is now accessible for everyone, the average years in school in the US is 12 but countries with low incomes barely are able to graduate middle school. In 1918 the country (USA) passed a law where it is mandatory to go attend school until they are 16 to help with literacy, well- educated populace was also necessary requirement for a democracy. 87% of the population attends public schools, US public schools are funded through the government with tax paying dollars. sometimes in replace of high school there is an option to go to a school for Vocational and Technical training or VoTech schools which focuses on teaching specific skills such as automotive repair and cosmetology. Going into these schools they are able to leave with a certification to help them enter the work place right away. Private school however are not paid by the government but by the families own money because they are able to tailor to their curricula to specific populations. And since public school are open to everyone they give a wide range of information versus private school where is very narrowed down searching for a more rigors education. Parents with special needs children take their child to private school because they have the right resources for their children that public schools might not have. Most private schools are religiously affiliated, providing religious instruction alongside academic training, which isn’t practiced in public schools. I agree that paying for college is extremely expensive, which means college is by no means a given for Americans. Manifest function is basically teaching kids the basic facts of the world, while allowing them to also socialize by putting them in a place to interact with other children. The documentation (AKA our degree) is our credentials which will help us get hired when we enter the workforce. Determining us in social placement by telling us who can access which jobs and how much they should be paid based on their credentials.
The PowerPoint was shown in week 3 was clear to me and showed improvement compared to the previous weeks. I personally was able to understand the charts correlated to education between different countries and the impact of development. The introduction to education and its development was also quite intriguing.
From the Chabbott and Ramirez reading, the article discussed the change in development. This specific piece indulged in the background and significance behind education and how it played a huge role in society and economic growth. Personally, this made me think about why the system was set up this way behind closed doors. Was it really for the best for the people or the economy? Does putting kids through school for so many years teaching them about a variety of topics that have nothing to do with the economy but what makes the economy work. This has always been a topic I found kind of controversial and this piece sparked this idea in me.
In the second piece, World Development Report 2018 discusses the results of education growth. They do this by introducing statistics to support their analysis. The reading in general was understanding and not vague at all. The impacts of education were demonstrated in the reading. Education was the result of changing people’s lives for the better and preventing them from doing bad things. I personally thought about how education was the way out for some people who lived in poverty. Education is efficient and reliable. Education was the sole reason why students even received food or stood out on the streets. It keeps people busy and helps them look for a passion that doesn’t result in them going to jail.
The video proceeds to explain how education isn’t just solely facts taught in schools but more of “the social institution through which society provides its members with all kinds of important knowledge”. This includes values and cultural norms. The video uses the US to explain education in schools. They provide the history behind the school and the levels introduced throughout the United States education system. Funding is also broken down in the US in post-secondary school (college). Structural functionalism is also broken down. Social integration was also one of the main takeaways which were when people were taken from different backgrounds were exposed to social norms and cultural values to promote an understanding of the social world. Stereotypes impact regarding race on specific topics also harms the potential for students. Educational credentials are also used as documentation that determines how much you get paid or how qualified you are for a job.
There wasn’t anything particularly confusing in the PowerPoint, I believe that it was pretty straightforward in how it explains the relationship between education and development. One particular slide that stood out to me was the 2015 graph representing the earnings of tertiary-educated workers with upper-secondary education. The difference between Brazil and the United States was quite interesting.
Chapter 7 on Development and Education by Chabbott and Ramirez touches on numerous important points including the effects of education on economic, political and cultural development. I found the reading to be very informative on the research that’s been done on the effects of schooling and how exposure to it would increase overall productivity. It also quite interesting when they touched on high education and how there was much skepticism in terms on its positive effects.
The World Development Report focuses on the statistics of schooling and its benefits in various regions of the world. According to the report, education improves individual freedoms, and each additional year of schooling can usually raise an individual’s earnings by 8-10 percent. It was interesting to see these factors be put into perspective because it’s something that’s talked about a lot, the topic of whether or not achieving higher education will result in a better overall life.
I’ve actually always given a lot of thought to the fact that we spend so many years in school, so I really enjoyed the video and the facts on the history of education and how far it has come. It was interesting to learn about votech schools, as I often forget that they’re even an option!
1. The PowerPoint presentation was explaining how education influences the younger generation by adults to “help” them with the development of the “real world”. I personally think education is beneficial in studying the basic functions of the world, while college helps students try to choose a career to focus on. But what I’ve been slowly realizing, school specially a college degree doesn’t always secure you a job, even after you graduate with a degree, you still need to be able to pay off your debt, which delays them from either attending graduate school or not even being able to find a job with the degree you received. Because of this unsureness, nothing can be definitive in where corporations will hire alumni. Many people believe that education is a gateway to freedom, freedom from poverty, depression, and possibly politics. But overall, education is taught to be a basic human right teaching children that they are lucky for getting a education, but college in many cases discourages the youth because of the financial strain on the parents and students, plus on how competitive college is by taking entry exams, such as the SATs and AP exams. I never understood when teachers said that SATs and AP exams prepare you for college. They have nothing to do with whether or not you are “prepared” for college. How can a test determine I am ready for college? Isn’t my drive to be educated and succeed enough for me to attend college?
2. From the Chabbott and Ramirez (2006) reading they state that there is a relationship between education and development which is problematic because in the previous response I stated that school is very expensive and can make the individual more politically active. And what I mean by that, is politics don’t always make you smarter or even tolerant to other parties. These effects of the variety of school and education comes to societal level, on national economic, political, and/or cultural development end up having a double meaning. Chabbott and Ramirez state in the reading that although the effects of development on education are no less problematic, the increase demand of literate workers has been modernized in today’s society. In developed and developing countries, mass education was asserted as a gateway for advancing in any functional need in our society. many studies have shown that there needs to be a stronger connection between development and education.
3. For the World Development Report 2018 I agree on a lot of things that this article discuss for example, that education promotes longer and healthier lives. People who care more educated are more aware of crisis such as lower portability of death after death, smoking, excessive drinking, being overweight, illegal use of drugs, and being more responsive to HIV/AIDS campaign. They say that educated individuals that have a higher education have more control of their lives. There is a positive relationship between education and agency, which is mediated partly by the positive effect of education on an individual’s income which helps them become independent. It is said that because of schooling there is a reduced crime rate committed by adults as well as crime during late adolescences. Im not entirely sure that it is the case because even if individuals are in school they could be placed in a situation where a crime must be committed for the better. Of course thats in extreme cases but people say they would do anything to help themselves or family members. The long term benefits of education is that it eliminates poverty in families, allowing the incomes of parents and their children are highly correlated. But as always income inequality always persists, and poverty is transmitted through generations where the children have to pick up the parents slack, passing the stress on the youth which makes them work as a child to adulthood not being able to go to school because they have to take care of their family debt because their parents can’t. The growth of education effects society, economic growth and is the building block for inclusive institutions. Education builds human capital, which is also another way of saying economic growth, but there is a capital level and national level of growth. For capital, it Is the improvements in poverty, inequality and promoting social mobility, through the civic agency, through the high levels of political engagement, trust and tolerance it creates the building blocks for a inclusive industry.
4. The key points of the video is that overall, school was first given to the wealthy, but as time changed and progressed school is now accessible for everyone, the average years in school in the US is 12 but countries with low incomes barely are able to graduate middle school. In 1918 the country (USA) passed a law where it is mandatory to go attend school until they are 16 to help with literacy, well- educated populace was also necessary requirement for a democracy. 87% of the population attends public schools, US public schools are funded through the government with tax paying dollars. sometimes in replace of high school there is an option to go to a school for Vocational and Technical training or VoTech schools which focuses on teaching specific skills such as automotive repair and cosmetology. Going into these schools they are able to leave with a certification to help them enter the work place right away. Private school however are not paid by the government but by the families own money because they are able to tailor to their curricula to specific populations. And since public school are open to everyone they give a wide range of information versus private school where is very narrowed down searching for a more rigors education. Parents with special needs children take their child to private school because they have the right resources for their children that public schools might not have. Most private schools are religiously affiliated, providing religious instruction alongside academic training, which isn’t practiced in public schools. I agree that paying for college is extremely expensive, which means college is by no means a given for Americans. Manifest function is basically teaching kids the basic facts of the world, while allowing them to also socialize by putting them in a place to interact with other children. The documentation (AKA our degree) is our credentials which will help us get hired when we enter the workforce. Determining us in social placement by telling us who can access which jobs and how much they should be paid based on their credentials.